President Museveni has, through Executive Order No. 2 of 2025, taken decisive action to address the escalating concerns over unregulated cattle movements by the Balaalo into Northern, Eastern, and North-Western Uganda. This follows a similar directive issued in 2023 (Executive Order No. 3) but responds to growing tension, crop destruction, land conflicts, and environmental disruption caused by uncontrolled livestock migration.
The President outlines four critical challenges fueling these conflicts: unfenced grazing areas, absence of permanent water sources, contested communal land ownership, and obstruction of traditional access routes to natural water bodies like the River Nile. Emphasizing patriotism, Pan-Africanism, and social equity, he reaffirms that while free movement of goods, services, and labor is encouraged, rural-to-rural migration that spreads primitive agricultural practices and causes unrest must be regulated.
To restore harmony and protect local communities, he directs the Attorney General to criminalize the practice of free-ranging cattle in these regions and orders the removal of all Balaalo cattle pending verification of lawful land acquisition and compliance with key land use standards.
Below is the detailed Executive Order:
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